Untargeted Metabolomics

Comprehensive profiling of small-molecule metabolites to reveal metabolic alterations and biological pathways associated with physiological and disease states.

Untargeted metabolomics enables comprehensive and unbiased detection of dynamic changes in small-molecule metabolites within biological systems. Leveraging advanced Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and bioinformatics, Novogene provides high-quality metabolomic data to uncover how environmental, genetic, or therapeutic factors shape metabolism.

Powered by high-resolution mass spectrometry and an extensive library, Novogene’s Untargeted Metabolomics services offer exceptional metabolite coverage and seamless integration with other omics platforms to deliver deeper, more confident biological insights.

Why Choose Novogene for Your Metabolomics Needs?

Ultra-high Resolution and Sensitivity

HF-X platform delivers precise, reliable metabolite detection with exceptional data quality.

High Quality Database

15,000+ standards and 170,000+ spectra enable comprehensive metabolite identification.

Accurate Identification

Up to 1,700 level1 metabolites and 7,000 detected compounds with high accuracy.

Broad Metabolome Coverage

C18-based high-resolution detection captures both polar and non-polar metabolites.

Comprehensive Metabolite Information

27+ data points per metabolite enhance annotation depth and reliability.

Applications of Untargeted Metabolomics in Medical and Agricultural Research

Explore the power of metabolomics with Novogene’s services, built to advance a broad spectrum of research aims.

precision medicine and health applications

Biomarker discovery for early detection and better prognosis. Metabolic phenotyping to predict drug response, enable personalized treatment and assess lifestyle impact.

Drug Development

Mechanism-of-action insights via metabolic pathway analysis.

Toxicity assessment through metabolite profiling (e.g., hepatotoxicity).

Disease Mechanisms

Metabolic pathway dysregulation analysis in cancer, metabolic syndrome, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Host–pathogen metabolic interaction profiling for infectious disease research (e.g., viral and bacterial infections).

Development and Aging

Age-related metabolic shifts and aging biomarkers.

Metabolic reprogramming in embryogenesis and cell differentiation.

Agriculture and Food Science

Plant stress resistance: Adaptation to heat, salinity, and drought. Color phenotype: Molecular mechanisms behind pigment and flavor development.

Environmental Adaptation

Metabolic responses to extreme conditions: Hypoxia, temperature stress, radiation. Impact of environmental toxins (microplastics, heavy metals) on metabolic networks.

Applications of Untargeted Metabolomics in Medical and Agricultural Research

Explore the power of metabolomics with Novogene’s services, built to advance a broad spectrum of research aims.

precision medicine and health applications

Biomarker discovery for early detection and better prognosis. Metabolic phenotyping to predict drug response, enable personalized treatment and assess lifestyle impact.

Drug Development

Mechanism-of-action insights via metabolic pathway analysis.

Toxicity assessment through metabolite profiling (e.g., hepatotoxicity).

Disease Mechanisms

Metabolic pathway dysregulation analysis in cancer, metabolic syndrome, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Host–pathogen metabolic interaction profiling for infectious disease research (e.g., viral and bacterial infections).

Development and Aging

Age-related metabolic shifts and aging biomarkers.

Metabolic reprogramming in embryogenesis and cell differentiation.

Agriculture and Food Science

Plant stress resistance: Adaptation to heat, salinity, and drought. Color phenotype: Molecular mechanisms behind pigment and flavor development.

Environmental Adaptation

Metabolic responses to extreme conditions: Hypoxia, temperature stress, radiation. Impact of environmental toxins (microplastics, heavy metals) on metabolic networks.

Specifications

Sample Requirements

Sample amounts are listed for reference only. Download the Sample Submission Guidelines to learn more. For detailed information, please contact us with your customized requests.

Sample Type	Sample	Recommended Sample Amount	Biological Replicate
Liquid	Plasma, Serum, Hemolymph, Whole Blood, Milk, Egg White	100 μL	Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3
	Cerebrospinal Fluid, Interstitial Fluid, Uterine Fluid, Pancreatic Juice, Bile, Pleural Effusion, Follicular Fluid, Postmortem Fluid, Tissue Fluid, Culture Medium (liquid), Culture Supernatant, Tears, Aqueous Humor, Digestive Juices,Bone Marrow (liquid)	100 μL
	Seminal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid, Prostatic Fluid, Rumen Fluid, Respiratory Condensate, Gastric Lavage Fluid, Broncho-alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), Urine, Sweat, Saliva, Sputum	500 μL
Tissue	Animal Tissues, Placenta, Blood Clot, Mycelium, Nematode, Zebrafish (whole fish), Bone Marrow (solid), Nail	100 mg
	Whole Insect Body, Wings (of insects), Pupa, Eggs, Large Fungi (mushroom types), Large Algae (red algae), Large Amount of Mycelium/Mycelial Balls, Cartilage, Bone (solid)	500 mg
	Zebrafish Organs, Insect Organs, Whole Microinsect Body (e.g., Drosophila)	20 units
Solid	Feces, Intestinal Contents, Lyophilized Fecal Powder	200 mg
	Milk Powder, Microbial Fermentation Product (solid), Culture Medium (solid), Earwax, Lyophilized Tissue Powder,Feed, Egg Yolk, Lyophilized Plant Powder, Lyophilized Egg Powder	100 mg
	Honey, Nasal Mucus, Sputum	100 mg
	Sludge, Soil	600 mg
Cell	Adherent Cells, Animal Cell Lines	1*10^7 cells
	E. Coli, Yeast Cells	1×10^10 cells
	Small Amount of Fungal Mycelial Balls/Mycelium, Unicellular Algae (Cyanobacteria), Large Quantities of BacterialHyphae (sediment), Mucilaginous Protoplasmic Clusters (hyphae)	100 mg
Organelle	Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum	4×10^7 cells
Organelle	Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles	2×10^9Particles
Special Sample	Skin Tape or Patch	2 pieces
	Test Strips	2 pieces
	Swab	1 piece

Notes:
1. Not applicable for GC-MS.
2. The amounts shown in the table are for a single round of metabolite extraction. If the sample volume is sufficient, it is recommended to provide enough for two rounds of extraction. This way, if the first extraction does not yield ideal results, it can help avoid the delay caused by having to re-submit samples.
3. Appropriate for Untargeted Metabolomics, Untargeted Plus Metabolomics, TM Widely-Targeted Metabolomics, Quantitative Lipidomics, Energy Metabolism, Amino Acids, Tryptophan, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids studies.

Sample Requirements

Sample amounts are listed for reference only. Download the Sample Submission Guidelines to learn more. For detailed information, please contact us with your customized requests.

Sample Type	Sample	Recommended Sample Amount	Biological Replicate
Liquid	Plasma, Serum, Hemolymph, Whole Blood, Milk, Egg White	100 μL	Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3
	Cerebrospinal Fluid, Interstitial Fluid, Uterine Fluid, Pancreatic Juice, Bile, Pleural Effusion, Follicular Fluid, Postmortem Fluid, Tissue Fluid, Culture Medium (liquid), Culture Supernatant, Tears, Aqueous Humor, Digestive Juices,Bone Marrow (liquid)	100 μL
	Seminal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid, Prostatic Fluid, Rumen Fluid, Respiratory Condensate, Gastric Lavage Fluid, Broncho-alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), Urine, Sweat, Saliva, Sputum	500 μL
Tissue	Animal Tissues, Placenta, Blood Clot, Mycelium, Nematode, Zebrafish (whole fish), Bone Marrow (solid), Nail	100 mg
	Whole Insect Body, Wings (of insects), Pupa, Eggs, Large Fungi (mushroom types), Large Algae (red algae), Large Amount of Mycelium/Mycelial Balls, Cartilage, Bone (solid)	500 mg
	Zebrafish Organs, Insect Organs, Whole Microinsect Body (e.g., Drosophila)	20 units
Solid	Feces, Intestinal Contents, Lyophilized Fecal Powder	200 mg
	Milk Powder, Microbial Fermentation Product (solid), Culture Medium (solid), Earwax, Lyophilized Tissue Powder,Feed, Egg Yolk, Lyophilized Plant Powder, Lyophilized Egg Powder	100 mg
	Honey, Nasal Mucus, Sputum	100 mg
	Sludge, Soil	600 mg
Cell	Adherent Cells, Animal Cell Lines	1*10^7 cells
	E. Coli, Yeast Cells	1×10^10 cells
	Small Amount of Fungal Mycelial Balls/Mycelium, Unicellular Algae (Cyanobacteria), Large Quantities of BacterialHyphae (sediment), Mucilaginous Protoplasmic Clusters (hyphae)	100 mg
Organelle	Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum	4×10^7 cells
Organelle	Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles	2×10^9Particles
Special Sample	Skin Tape or Patch	2 pieces
	Test Strips	2 pieces
	Swab	1 piece

Sample Requirements

Sample amounts are listed for reference only. Download the Sample Submission Guidelines to learn more. For detailed information, please contact us with your customized requests.

Sample Type	Sample	Recommended Sample Amount	Biological Replicate
Liquid	Plasma, Serum, Hemolymph, Whole Blood, Milk, Egg White	100 μL	Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3
	Cerebrospinal Fluid, Interstitial Fluid, Uterine Fluid, Pancreatic Juice, Bile, Pleural Effusion, Follicular Fluid, Postmortem Fluid, Tissue Fluid, Culture Medium (liquid), Culture Supernatant, Tears, Aqueous Humor, Digestive Juices,Bone Marrow (liquid)	100 μL
	Seminal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid, Prostatic Fluid, Rumen Fluid, Respiratory Condensate, Gastric Lavage Fluid, Broncho-alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), Urine, Sweat, Saliva, Sputum	500 μL
Tissue	Animal Tissues, Placenta, Blood Clot, Mycelium, Nematode, Zebrafish (whole fish), Bone Marrow (solid), Nail	100 mg
	Whole Insect Body, Wings (of insects), Pupa, Eggs, Large Fungi (mushroom types), Large Algae (red algae), Large Amount of Mycelium/Mycelial Balls, Cartilage, Bone (solid)	500 mg
	Zebrafish Organs, Insect Organs, Whole Microinsect Body (e.g., Drosophila)	20 units
Solid	Feces, Intestinal Contents, Lyophilized Fecal Powder	200 mg
	Milk Powder, Microbial Fermentation Product (solid), Culture Medium (solid), Earwax, Lyophilized Tissue Powder,Feed, Egg Yolk, Lyophilized Plant Powder, Lyophilized Egg Powder	100 mg
	Honey, Nasal Mucus, Sputum	100 mg
	Sludge, Soil	600 mg
Cell	Adherent Cells, Animal Cell Lines	1*10^7 cells
	E. Coli, Yeast Cells	1×10^10 cells
	Small Amount of Fungal Mycelial Balls/Mycelium, Unicellular Algae (Cyanobacteria), Large Quantities of BacterialHyphae (sediment), Mucilaginous Protoplasmic Clusters (hyphae)	100 mg
Organelle	Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum	4×10^7 cells
Organelle	Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles	2×10^9Particles
Special Sample	Skin Tape or Patch	2 pieces
	Test Strips	2 pieces
	Swab	1 piece

Sample Requirements

Sample amounts are listed for reference only. Download the Sample Submission Guidelines to learn more. For detailed information, please contact us with your customized requests.

Sample Type	Sample	Recommended Sample Amount	Biological Replicate
Liquid	Plasma, Serum, Hemolymph, Whole Blood, Milk, Egg White	100 μL	Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3
	Cerebrospinal Fluid, Interstitial Fluid, Uterine Fluid, Pancreatic Juice, Bile, Pleural Effusion, Follicular Fluid, Postmortem Fluid, Tissue Fluid, Culture Medium (liquid), Culture Supernatant, Tears, Aqueous Humor, Digestive Juices,Bone Marrow (liquid)	100 μL
	Seminal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid, Prostatic Fluid, Rumen Fluid, Respiratory Condensate, Gastric Lavage Fluid, Broncho-alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), Urine, Sweat, Saliva, Sputum	500 μL
Tissue	Animal Tissues, Placenta, Blood Clot, Mycelium, Nematode, Zebrafish (whole fish), Bone Marrow (solid), Nail	100 mg
	Whole Insect Body, Wings (of insects), Pupa, Eggs, Large Fungi (mushroom types), Large Algae (red algae), Large Amount of Mycelium/Mycelial Balls, Cartilage, Bone (solid)	500 mg
	Zebrafish Organs, Insect Organs, Whole Microinsect Body (e.g., Drosophila)	20 units
Solid	Feces, Intestinal Contents, Lyophilized Fecal Powder	200 mg
	Milk Powder, Microbial Fermentation Product (solid), Culture Medium (solid), Earwax, Lyophilized Tissue Powder,Feed, Egg Yolk, Lyophilized Plant Powder, Lyophilized Egg Powder	100 mg
	Honey, Nasal Mucus, Sputum	100 mg
	Sludge, Soil	600 mg
Cell	Adherent Cells, Animal Cell Lines	1*10^7 cells
	E. Coli, Yeast Cells	1×10^10 cells
	Small Amount of Fungal Mycelial Balls/Mycelium, Unicellular Algae (Cyanobacteria), Large Quantities of BacterialHyphae (sediment), Mucilaginous Protoplasmic Clusters (hyphae)	100 mg
Organelle	Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum	4×10^7 cells
Organelle	Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles	2×10^9Particles
Special Sample	Skin Tape or Patch	2 pieces
	Test Strips	2 pieces
	Swab	1 piece

Sequencing and Analysis

Recommended data outputs and analysis contents displayed are for reference only. For detailed information, please contact us with your customized requests.

Sample Type	Sample	Recommended Sample Amount	Biological Replicate
Tissue	Root, Stem, Leaf, Fruit, Flower, Bud, Node, Callus	600 mg	Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3
	Fruit Peel, Seed Coat	600 mg
	Anther, Filament, Pollen, Style, Stigma, Embryo	1.2 g
Liquid	Root Exudate	10 ml
	Juice, Wine, Fermentation Broth	5 ml
	Oils, Essential Oils, Honey, Nectar, Paste	500 μl
	Herb Extract, Herb Decoction, Plant Tissue Fluid	500 μl
Cell	Cultured Plant Cell	1×10^7 cells
Cell	Algae	300 mg
Solid	Lyophilized Plant Powder	200 mg
Solid	Sludge, Soil	600 mg

Notes:
1. Not applicable for GC-MS.
2. For extracted metabolites, please advise on the recommended quantity for the extraction process.
3. Suitable for Untargeted Metabolomics, Widely-Targeted Metabolomics, Quantitative Lipidomics, Flavonoids, Carotenoid, Anthocyanin, Energy Metabolism, Amino Acids, Short-Chain Fatty Acids Metabolomics for Plants.
4. Recommended sampling approach:
– Collect samples from 3 or more individuals for each biological replicate.
– Ensure a minimum of 3 biological replicates per sample group.
– Example: Combine leaves from 3 individual plants as one replicate; repeat for 2 more replicates (involving 6 additional individual plants) to achieve
3 biological replicates for one experimental group (e.g., Control).
– Repeat the process with 9 individual plants for the second experimental group (e.g., Treatment).

Sequencing and Analysis

Recommended data outputs and analysis contents displayed are for reference only. For detailed information, please contact us with your customized requests.

Sample Type	Sample	Recommended Sample Amount	Biological Replicate
Tissue	Root, Stem, Leaf, Fruit, Flower, Bud, Node, Callus	600 mg	Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3
	Fruit Peel, Seed Coat	600 mg
	Anther, Filament, Pollen, Style, Stigma, Embryo	1.2 g
Liquid	Root Exudate	10 ml
	Juice, Wine, Fermentation Broth	5 ml
	Oils, Essential Oils, Honey, Nectar, Paste	500 μl
	Herb Extract, Herb Decoction, Plant Tissue Fluid	500 μl
Cell	Cultured Plant Cell	1×10^7 cells
Cell	Algae	300 mg
Solid	Lyophilized Plant Powder	200 mg
Solid	Sludge, Soil	600 mg

Sequencing and Analysis

Recommended data outputs and analysis contents displayed are for reference only. For detailed information, please contact us with your customized requests.

Sample Type	Sample	Recommended Sample Amount	Biological Replicate
Tissue	Root, Stem, Leaf, Fruit, Flower, Bud, Node, Callus	600 mg	Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3
	Fruit Peel, Seed Coat	600 mg
	Anther, Filament, Pollen, Style, Stigma, Embryo	1.2 g
Liquid	Root Exudate	10 ml
	Juice, Wine, Fermentation Broth	5 ml
	Oils, Essential Oils, Honey, Nectar, Paste	500 μl
	Herb Extract, Herb Decoction, Plant Tissue Fluid	500 μl
Cell	Cultured Plant Cell	1×10^7 cells
Cell	Algae	300 mg
Solid	Lyophilized Plant Powder	200 mg
Solid	Sludge, Soil	600 mg

Sequencing and Analysis

Recommended data outputs and analysis contents displayed are for reference only. For detailed information, please contact us with your customized requests.

Sample Type	Sample	Recommended Sample Amount	Biological Replicate
Tissue	Root, Stem, Leaf, Fruit, Flower, Bud, Node, Callus	600 mg	Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3
	Fruit Peel, Seed Coat	600 mg
	Anther, Filament, Pollen, Style, Stigma, Embryo	1.2 g
Liquid	Root Exudate	10 ml
	Juice, Wine, Fermentation Broth	5 ml
	Oils, Essential Oils, Honey, Nectar, Paste	500 μl
	Herb Extract, Herb Decoction, Plant Tissue Fluid	500 μl
Cell	Cultured Plant Cell	1×10^7 cells
Cell	Algae	300 mg
Solid	Lyophilized Plant Powder	200 mg
Solid	Sludge, Soil	600 mg

Project Workflow of Novogene Untargeted Metabolomics Services

Metabolomics research involves several key steps: sample collection and pre-processing, metabolite extraction, LC-MS data acquisition, metabolite annotation and identification through database searching, followed by bioinformatic analysis. Together, these steps provide a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic state of a system.

At Novogene, we prioritize precision and quality at every stage of the process, ensuring consistent, reliable, and high-quality data to support your research needs.

Project Workflow of Novogene Untargeted Metabolomics Services

Specifications

Sample Requirements

Sample amounts are listed for reference only. Download the Sample Submission Guidelines to learn more. For detailed information, please contact us with your customized requests.

Sample Type	Sample	Recommended Sample Amount	Biological Replicate
Liquid	Plasma, Serum, Hemolymph, Whole Blood, Milk, Egg White	100 μL	Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3
	Cerebrospinal Fluid, Interstitial Fluid, Uterine Fluid, Pancreatic Juice, Bile, Pleural Effusion, Follicular Fluid, Postmortem Fluid, Tissue Fluid, Culture Medium (liquid), Culture Supernatant, Tears, Aqueous Humor, Digestive Juices,Bone Marrow (liquid)	100 μL
	Seminal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid, Prostatic Fluid, Rumen Fluid, Respiratory Condensate, Gastric Lavage Fluid, Broncho-alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), Urine, Sweat, Saliva, Sputum	500 μL
Tissue	Animal Tissues, Placenta, Blood Clot, Mycelium, Nematode, Zebrafish (whole fish), Bone Marrow (solid), Nail	100 mg
	Whole Insect Body, Wings (of insects), Pupa, Eggs, Large Fungi (mushroom types), Large Algae (red algae), Large Amount of Mycelium/Mycelial Balls, Cartilage, Bone (solid)	500 mg
	Zebrafish Organs, Insect Organs, Whole Microinsect Body (e.g., Drosophila)	20 units
Solid	Feces, Intestinal Contents, Lyophilized Fecal Powder	200 mg
	Milk Powder, Microbial Fermentation Product (solid), Culture Medium (solid), Earwax, Lyophilized Tissue Powder,Feed, Egg Yolk, Lyophilized Plant Powder, Lyophilized Egg Powder	100 mg
	Honey, Nasal Mucus, Sputum	100 mg
	Sludge, Soil	600 mg
Cell	Adherent Cells, Animal Cell Lines	1*10^7 cells
	E. Coli, Yeast Cells	1×10^10 cells
	Small Amount of Fungal Mycelial Balls/Mycelium, Unicellular Algae (Cyanobacteria), Large Quantities of BacterialHyphae (sediment), Mucilaginous Protoplasmic Clusters (hyphae)	100 mg
Organelle	Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum	4×10^7 cells
Organelle	Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles	2×10^9Particles
Special Sample	Skin Tape or Patch	2 pieces
	Test Strips	2 pieces
	Swab	1 piece

Sample Requirements

Sample amounts are listed for reference only. Download the Sample Submission Guidelines to learn more. For detailed information, please contact us with your customized requests.

Sample Type	Sample	Recommended Sample Amount	Biological Replicate
Liquid	Plasma, Serum, Hemolymph, Whole Blood, Milk, Egg White	100 μL	Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3
	Cerebrospinal Fluid, Interstitial Fluid, Uterine Fluid, Pancreatic Juice, Bile, Pleural Effusion, Follicular Fluid, Postmortem Fluid, Tissue Fluid, Culture Medium (liquid), Culture Supernatant, Tears, Aqueous Humor, Digestive Juices,Bone Marrow (liquid)	100 μL
	Seminal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid, Prostatic Fluid, Rumen Fluid, Respiratory Condensate, Gastric Lavage Fluid, Broncho-alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), Urine, Sweat, Saliva, Sputum	500 μL
Tissue	Animal Tissues, Placenta, Blood Clot, Mycelium, Nematode, Zebrafish (whole fish), Bone Marrow (solid), Nail	100 mg
	Whole Insect Body, Wings (of insects), Pupa, Eggs, Large Fungi (mushroom types), Large Algae (red algae), Large Amount of Mycelium/Mycelial Balls, Cartilage, Bone (solid)	500 mg
	Zebrafish Organs, Insect Organs, Whole Microinsect Body (e.g., Drosophila)	20 units
Solid	Feces, Intestinal Contents, Lyophilized Fecal Powder	200 mg
	Milk Powder, Microbial Fermentation Product (solid), Culture Medium (solid), Earwax, Lyophilized Tissue Powder,Feed, Egg Yolk, Lyophilized Plant Powder, Lyophilized Egg Powder	100 mg
	Honey, Nasal Mucus, Sputum	100 mg
	Sludge, Soil	600 mg
Cell	Adherent Cells, Animal Cell Lines	1*10^7 cells
	E. Coli, Yeast Cells	1×10^10 cells
	Small Amount of Fungal Mycelial Balls/Mycelium, Unicellular Algae (Cyanobacteria), Large Quantities of BacterialHyphae (sediment), Mucilaginous Protoplasmic Clusters (hyphae)	100 mg
Organelle	Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum	4×10^7 cells
Organelle	Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles	2×10^9Particles
Special Sample	Skin Tape or Patch	2 pieces
	Test Strips	2 pieces
	Swab	1 piece

Sample Requirements

Sample amounts are listed for reference only. Download the Sample Submission Guidelines to learn more. For detailed information, please contact us with your customized requests.

Sample Type	Sample	Recommended Sample Amount	Biological Replicate
Liquid	Plasma, Serum, Hemolymph, Whole Blood, Milk, Egg White	100 μL	Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3
	Cerebrospinal Fluid, Interstitial Fluid, Uterine Fluid, Pancreatic Juice, Bile, Pleural Effusion, Follicular Fluid, Postmortem Fluid, Tissue Fluid, Culture Medium (liquid), Culture Supernatant, Tears, Aqueous Humor, Digestive Juices,Bone Marrow (liquid)	100 μL
	Seminal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid, Prostatic Fluid, Rumen Fluid, Respiratory Condensate, Gastric Lavage Fluid, Broncho-alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), Urine, Sweat, Saliva, Sputum	500 μL
Tissue	Animal Tissues, Placenta, Blood Clot, Mycelium, Nematode, Zebrafish (whole fish), Bone Marrow (solid), Nail	100 mg
	Whole Insect Body, Wings (of insects), Pupa, Eggs, Large Fungi (mushroom types), Large Algae (red algae), Large Amount of Mycelium/Mycelial Balls, Cartilage, Bone (solid)	500 mg
	Zebrafish Organs, Insect Organs, Whole Microinsect Body (e.g., Drosophila)	20 units
Solid	Feces, Intestinal Contents, Lyophilized Fecal Powder	200 mg
	Milk Powder, Microbial Fermentation Product (solid), Culture Medium (solid), Earwax, Lyophilized Tissue Powder,Feed, Egg Yolk, Lyophilized Plant Powder, Lyophilized Egg Powder	100 mg
	Honey, Nasal Mucus, Sputum	100 mg
	Sludge, Soil	600 mg
Cell	Adherent Cells, Animal Cell Lines	1*10^7 cells
	E. Coli, Yeast Cells	1×10^10 cells
	Small Amount of Fungal Mycelial Balls/Mycelium, Unicellular Algae (Cyanobacteria), Large Quantities of BacterialHyphae (sediment), Mucilaginous Protoplasmic Clusters (hyphae)	100 mg
Organelle	Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum	4×10^7 cells
Organelle	Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles	2×10^9Particles
Special Sample	Skin Tape or Patch	2 pieces
	Test Strips	2 pieces
	Swab	1 piece

Sample Requirements

Sample amounts are listed for reference only. Download the Sample Submission Guidelines to learn more. For detailed information, please contact us with your customized requests.

Sample Type	Sample	Recommended Sample Amount	Biological Replicate
Liquid	Plasma, Serum, Hemolymph, Whole Blood, Milk, Egg White	100 μL	Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3
	Cerebrospinal Fluid, Interstitial Fluid, Uterine Fluid, Pancreatic Juice, Bile, Pleural Effusion, Follicular Fluid, Postmortem Fluid, Tissue Fluid, Culture Medium (liquid), Culture Supernatant, Tears, Aqueous Humor, Digestive Juices,Bone Marrow (liquid)	100 μL
	Seminal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid, Prostatic Fluid, Rumen Fluid, Respiratory Condensate, Gastric Lavage Fluid, Broncho-alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), Urine, Sweat, Saliva, Sputum	500 μL
Tissue	Animal Tissues, Placenta, Blood Clot, Mycelium, Nematode, Zebrafish (whole fish), Bone Marrow (solid), Nail	100 mg
	Whole Insect Body, Wings (of insects), Pupa, Eggs, Large Fungi (mushroom types), Large Algae (red algae), Large Amount of Mycelium/Mycelial Balls, Cartilage, Bone (solid)	500 mg
	Zebrafish Organs, Insect Organs, Whole Microinsect Body (e.g., Drosophila)	20 units
Solid	Feces, Intestinal Contents, Lyophilized Fecal Powder	200 mg
	Milk Powder, Microbial Fermentation Product (solid), Culture Medium (solid), Earwax, Lyophilized Tissue Powder,Feed, Egg Yolk, Lyophilized Plant Powder, Lyophilized Egg Powder	100 mg
	Honey, Nasal Mucus, Sputum	100 mg
	Sludge, Soil	600 mg
Cell	Adherent Cells, Animal Cell Lines	1*10^7 cells
	E. Coli, Yeast Cells	1×10^10 cells
	Small Amount of Fungal Mycelial Balls/Mycelium, Unicellular Algae (Cyanobacteria), Large Quantities of BacterialHyphae (sediment), Mucilaginous Protoplasmic Clusters (hyphae)	100 mg
Organelle	Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum	4×10^7 cells
Organelle	Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles	2×10^9Particles
Special Sample	Skin Tape or Patch	2 pieces
	Test Strips	2 pieces
	Swab	1 piece

Sequencing and Analysis

Recommended data outputs and analysis contents displayed are for reference only. For detailed information, please contact us with your customized requests.

Sample Type	Sample	Recommended Sample Amount	Biological Replicate
Tissue	Root, Stem, Leaf, Fruit, Flower, Bud, Node, Callus	600 mg	Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3
	Fruit Peel, Seed Coat	600 mg
	Anther, Filament, Pollen, Style, Stigma, Embryo	1.2 g
Liquid	Root Exudate	10 ml
	Juice, Wine, Fermentation Broth	5 ml
	Oils, Essential Oils, Honey, Nectar, Paste	500 μl
	Herb Extract, Herb Decoction, Plant Tissue Fluid	500 μl
Cell	Cultured Plant Cell	1×10^7 cells
Cell	Algae	300 mg
Solid	Lyophilized Plant Powder	200 mg
Solid	Sludge, Soil	600 mg

Sequencing and Analysis

Recommended data outputs and analysis contents displayed are for reference only. For detailed information, please contact us with your customized requests.

Sample Type	Sample	Recommended Sample Amount	Biological Replicate
Tissue	Root, Stem, Leaf, Fruit, Flower, Bud, Node, Callus	600 mg	Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3
	Fruit Peel, Seed Coat	600 mg
	Anther, Filament, Pollen, Style, Stigma, Embryo	1.2 g
Liquid	Root Exudate	10 ml
	Juice, Wine, Fermentation Broth	5 ml
	Oils, Essential Oils, Honey, Nectar, Paste	500 μl
	Herb Extract, Herb Decoction, Plant Tissue Fluid	500 μl
Cell	Cultured Plant Cell	1×10^7 cells
Cell	Algae	300 mg
Solid	Lyophilized Plant Powder	200 mg
Solid	Sludge, Soil	600 mg

Sequencing and Analysis

Recommended data outputs and analysis contents displayed are for reference only. For detailed information, please contact us with your customized requests.

Sample Type	Sample	Recommended Sample Amount	Biological Replicate
Tissue	Root, Stem, Leaf, Fruit, Flower, Bud, Node, Callus	600 mg	Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3
	Fruit Peel, Seed Coat	600 mg
	Anther, Filament, Pollen, Style, Stigma, Embryo	1.2 g
Liquid	Root Exudate	10 ml
	Juice, Wine, Fermentation Broth	5 ml
	Oils, Essential Oils, Honey, Nectar, Paste	500 μl
	Herb Extract, Herb Decoction, Plant Tissue Fluid	500 μl
Cell	Cultured Plant Cell	1×10^7 cells
Cell	Algae	300 mg
Solid	Lyophilized Plant Powder	200 mg
Solid	Sludge, Soil	600 mg

Sequencing and Analysis

Recommended data outputs and analysis contents displayed are for reference only. For detailed information, please contact us with your customized requests.

Sample Type	Sample	Recommended Sample Amount	Biological Replicate
Tissue	Root, Stem, Leaf, Fruit, Flower, Bud, Node, Callus	600 mg	Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3
	Fruit Peel, Seed Coat	600 mg
	Anther, Filament, Pollen, Style, Stigma, Embryo	1.2 g
Liquid	Root Exudate	10 ml
	Juice, Wine, Fermentation Broth	5 ml
	Oils, Essential Oils, Honey, Nectar, Paste	500 μl
	Herb Extract, Herb Decoction, Plant Tissue Fluid	500 μl
Cell	Cultured Plant Cell	1×10^7 cells
Cell	Algae	300 mg
Solid	Lyophilized Plant Powder	200 mg
Solid	Sludge, Soil	600 mg

Project Workflow of Novogene Untargeted Metabolomics Services

At Novogene, we prioritize precision and quality at every stage of the process, ensuring consistent, reliable, and high-quality data to support your research needs.

Demo Results

1/1

Data quality control

Quality control ensures timely issue resolution and reliable data.

1/1

Metabolite pathway and classification annotation

Identified metabolites are annotated by pathway and classification to reveal their functions and categories.

1/1

Differential metabolite screening

Visualize the distribution of differential metabolites.

1/1

KEGG analysis

Identify key metabolic and signaling pathways of differential metabolites.

1/1

GSEA analysis

Identify biologically relevant metabolite sets linked to specific conditions.

1/1

Multi-omics analysis

Correlation between two omics data.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why does untargeted metabolomics use both positive and negative ion modes?

A: Different metabolites have different ionization properties—some tend to carry positive charges, while others tend to carry negative charges. To detect a broader range of metabolites, analyses are typically performed separately in positive (pos) and negative (neg) ion modes. Some amphoteric compounds may be detected in both modes. By default, results are analyzed separately for each mode; however, if a combined bioinformatics analysis of positive and negative ion results is required, it must be specified in advance.

Can quantitative values of different substances in the same untargeted metabolomics sample be compared?

Possible Reasons for Missing Target Compounds in Untargeted Metabolomics Identification?

What is the recommended number of samples for untargeted metabolomics?

More Services

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Sample Type

Sample

Recommended Sample Amount

Biological Replicate

Liquid

Plasma, Serum, Hemolymph, Whole Blood, Milk, Egg White

100 μL

Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3

Cerebrospinal Fluid, Interstitial Fluid, Uterine Fluid, Pancreatic Juice, Bile, Pleural Effusion, Follicular Fluid, Postmortem Fluid, Tissue Fluid, Culture Medium (liquid), Culture Supernatant, Tears, Aqueous Humor, Digestive Juices,Bone Marrow (liquid)

100 μL

Seminal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid, Prostatic Fluid, Rumen Fluid, Respiratory Condensate, Gastric Lavage Fluid, Broncho-alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), Urine, Sweat, Saliva, Sputum

500 μL

Tissue

Animal Tissues, Placenta, Blood Clot, Mycelium, Nematode, Zebrafish (whole fish), Bone Marrow (solid), Nail

100 mg

Whole Insect Body, Wings (of insects), Pupa, Eggs, Large Fungi (mushroom types), Large Algae (red algae), Large Amount of Mycelium/Mycelial Balls, Cartilage, Bone (solid)

500 mg

Zebrafish Organs, Insect Organs, Whole Microinsect Body (e.g., Drosophila)

20 units

Solid

Feces, Intestinal Contents, Lyophilized Fecal Powder

200 mg

Milk Powder, Microbial Fermentation Product (solid), Culture Medium (solid), Earwax, Lyophilized Tissue Powder,Feed, Egg Yolk, Lyophilized Plant Powder, Lyophilized Egg Powder

100 mg

Honey, Nasal Mucus, Sputum

100 mg

Sludge, Soil

600 mg

Cell

Adherent Cells, Animal Cell Lines

1*10^7 cells

E. Coli, Yeast Cells

1×10^10 cells

Small Amount of Fungal Mycelial Balls/Mycelium, Unicellular Algae (Cyanobacteria), Large Quantities of BacterialHyphae (sediment), Mucilaginous Protoplasmic Clusters (hyphae)

100 mg

Organelle

Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum

4×10^7 cells

Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles

2×10^9Particles

Special Sample

Skin Tape or Patch

2 pieces

Test Strips

2 pieces

Swab

1 piece

Sample Type

Sample

Recommended Sample Amount

Biological Replicate

Liquid

Plasma, Serum, Hemolymph, Whole Blood, Milk, Egg White

100 μL

Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3

100 μL

Seminal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid, Prostatic Fluid, Rumen Fluid, Respiratory Condensate, Gastric Lavage Fluid, Broncho-alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), Urine, Sweat, Saliva, Sputum

500 μL

Tissue

Animal Tissues, Placenta, Blood Clot, Mycelium, Nematode, Zebrafish (whole fish), Bone Marrow (solid), Nail

100 mg

Whole Insect Body, Wings (of insects), Pupa, Eggs, Large Fungi (mushroom types), Large Algae (red algae), Large Amount of Mycelium/Mycelial Balls, Cartilage, Bone (solid)

500 mg

Zebrafish Organs, Insect Organs, Whole Microinsect Body (e.g., Drosophila)

20 units

Solid

Feces, Intestinal Contents, Lyophilized Fecal Powder

200 mg

Milk Powder, Microbial Fermentation Product (solid), Culture Medium (solid), Earwax, Lyophilized Tissue Powder,Feed, Egg Yolk, Lyophilized Plant Powder, Lyophilized Egg Powder

100 mg

Honey, Nasal Mucus, Sputum

100 mg

Sludge, Soil

600 mg

Cell

Adherent Cells, Animal Cell Lines

1*10^7 cells

E. Coli, Yeast Cells

1×10^10 cells

Small Amount of Fungal Mycelial Balls/Mycelium, Unicellular Algae (Cyanobacteria), Large Quantities of BacterialHyphae (sediment), Mucilaginous Protoplasmic Clusters (hyphae)

100 mg

Organelle

Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum

4×10^7 cells

Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles

2×10^9Particles

Special Sample

Skin Tape or Patch

2 pieces

Test Strips

2 pieces

Swab

1 piece

Sample Type

Sample

Recommended Sample Amount

Biological Replicate

Liquid

Plasma, Serum, Hemolymph, Whole Blood, Milk, Egg White

100 μL

Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3

100 μL

Seminal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid, Prostatic Fluid, Rumen Fluid, Respiratory Condensate, Gastric Lavage Fluid, Broncho-alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), Urine, Sweat, Saliva, Sputum

500 μL

Tissue

Animal Tissues, Placenta, Blood Clot, Mycelium, Nematode, Zebrafish (whole fish), Bone Marrow (solid), Nail

100 mg

Whole Insect Body, Wings (of insects), Pupa, Eggs, Large Fungi (mushroom types), Large Algae (red algae), Large Amount of Mycelium/Mycelial Balls, Cartilage, Bone (solid)

500 mg

Zebrafish Organs, Insect Organs, Whole Microinsect Body (e.g., Drosophila)

20 units

Solid

Feces, Intestinal Contents, Lyophilized Fecal Powder

200 mg

Milk Powder, Microbial Fermentation Product (solid), Culture Medium (solid), Earwax, Lyophilized Tissue Powder,Feed, Egg Yolk, Lyophilized Plant Powder, Lyophilized Egg Powder

100 mg

Honey, Nasal Mucus, Sputum

100 mg

Sludge, Soil

600 mg

Cell

Adherent Cells, Animal Cell Lines

1*10^7 cells

E. Coli, Yeast Cells

1×10^10 cells

Small Amount of Fungal Mycelial Balls/Mycelium, Unicellular Algae (Cyanobacteria), Large Quantities of BacterialHyphae (sediment), Mucilaginous Protoplasmic Clusters (hyphae)

100 mg

Organelle

Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum

4×10^7 cells

Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles

2×10^9Particles

Special Sample

Skin Tape or Patch

2 pieces

Test Strips

2 pieces

Swab

1 piece

Sample Type

Sample

Recommended Sample Amount

Biological Replicate

Liquid

Plasma, Serum, Hemolymph, Whole Blood, Milk, Egg White

100 μL

Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3

100 μL

Seminal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid, Prostatic Fluid, Rumen Fluid, Respiratory Condensate, Gastric Lavage Fluid, Broncho-alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), Urine, Sweat, Saliva, Sputum

500 μL

Tissue

Animal Tissues, Placenta, Blood Clot, Mycelium, Nematode, Zebrafish (whole fish), Bone Marrow (solid), Nail

100 mg

Whole Insect Body, Wings (of insects), Pupa, Eggs, Large Fungi (mushroom types), Large Algae (red algae), Large Amount of Mycelium/Mycelial Balls, Cartilage, Bone (solid)

500 mg

Zebrafish Organs, Insect Organs, Whole Microinsect Body (e.g., Drosophila)

20 units

Solid

Feces, Intestinal Contents, Lyophilized Fecal Powder

200 mg

Milk Powder, Microbial Fermentation Product (solid), Culture Medium (solid), Earwax, Lyophilized Tissue Powder,Feed, Egg Yolk, Lyophilized Plant Powder, Lyophilized Egg Powder

100 mg

Honey, Nasal Mucus, Sputum

100 mg

Sludge, Soil

600 mg

Cell

Adherent Cells, Animal Cell Lines

1*10^7 cells

E. Coli, Yeast Cells

1×10^10 cells

Small Amount of Fungal Mycelial Balls/Mycelium, Unicellular Algae (Cyanobacteria), Large Quantities of BacterialHyphae (sediment), Mucilaginous Protoplasmic Clusters (hyphae)

100 mg

Organelle

Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum

4×10^7 cells

Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles

2×10^9Particles

Special Sample

Skin Tape or Patch

2 pieces

Test Strips

2 pieces

Swab

1 piece

Sample Type

Sample

Recommended Sample Amount

Biological Replicate

Tissue

Root, Stem, Leaf, Fruit, Flower, Bud, Node, Callus

600 mg

Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3

Fruit Peel, Seed Coat

600 mg

Anther, Filament, Pollen, Style, Stigma, Embryo

1.2 g

Liquid

Root Exudate

10 ml

Juice, Wine, Fermentation Broth

5 ml

Oils, Essential Oils, Honey, Nectar, Paste

500 μl

Herb Extract, Herb Decoction, Plant Tissue Fluid

500 μl

Cell

Cultured Plant Cell

1×10^7 cells

Algae

300 mg

Solid

Lyophilized Plant Powder

200 mg

Sludge, Soil

600 mg

Sample Type

Sample

Recommended Sample Amount

Biological Replicate

Tissue

Root, Stem, Leaf, Fruit, Flower, Bud, Node, Callus

600 mg

Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3

Fruit Peel, Seed Coat

600 mg

Anther, Filament, Pollen, Style, Stigma, Embryo

1.2 g

Liquid

Root Exudate

10 ml

Juice, Wine, Fermentation Broth

5 ml

Oils, Essential Oils, Honey, Nectar, Paste

500 μl

Herb Extract, Herb Decoction, Plant Tissue Fluid

500 μl

Cell

Cultured Plant Cell

1×10^7 cells

Algae

300 mg

Solid

Lyophilized Plant Powder

200 mg

Sludge, Soil

600 mg

Sample Type

Sample

Recommended Sample Amount

Biological Replicate

Liquid

Plasma, Serum, Hemolymph, Whole Blood, Milk, Egg White

100 μL

Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3

100 μL

Seminal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid, Prostatic Fluid, Rumen Fluid, Respiratory Condensate, Gastric Lavage Fluid, Broncho-alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), Urine, Sweat, Saliva, Sputum

500 μL

Tissue

Animal Tissues, Placenta, Blood Clot, Mycelium, Nematode, Zebrafish (whole fish), Bone Marrow (solid), Nail

100 mg

Whole Insect Body, Wings (of insects), Pupa, Eggs, Large Fungi (mushroom types), Large Algae (red algae), Large Amount of Mycelium/Mycelial Balls, Cartilage, Bone (solid)

500 mg

Zebrafish Organs, Insect Organs, Whole Microinsect Body (e.g., Drosophila)

20 units

Solid

Feces, Intestinal Contents, Lyophilized Fecal Powder

200 mg

Milk Powder, Microbial Fermentation Product (solid), Culture Medium (solid), Earwax, Lyophilized Tissue Powder,Feed, Egg Yolk, Lyophilized Plant Powder, Lyophilized Egg Powder

100 mg

Honey, Nasal Mucus, Sputum

100 mg

Sludge, Soil

600 mg

Cell

Adherent Cells, Animal Cell Lines

1*10^7 cells

E. Coli, Yeast Cells

1×10^10 cells

Small Amount of Fungal Mycelial Balls/Mycelium, Unicellular Algae (Cyanobacteria), Large Quantities of BacterialHyphae (sediment), Mucilaginous Protoplasmic Clusters (hyphae)

100 mg

Organelle

Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum

4×10^7 cells

Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles

2×10^9Particles

Special Sample

Skin Tape or Patch

2 pieces

Test Strips

2 pieces

Swab

1 piece

Sample Type

Sample

Recommended Sample Amount

Biological Replicate

Liquid

Plasma, Serum, Hemolymph, Whole Blood, Milk, Egg White

100 μL

Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3

100 μL

Seminal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid, Prostatic Fluid, Rumen Fluid, Respiratory Condensate, Gastric Lavage Fluid, Broncho-alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), Urine, Sweat, Saliva, Sputum

500 μL

Tissue

Animal Tissues, Placenta, Blood Clot, Mycelium, Nematode, Zebrafish (whole fish), Bone Marrow (solid), Nail

100 mg

Whole Insect Body, Wings (of insects), Pupa, Eggs, Large Fungi (mushroom types), Large Algae (red algae), Large Amount of Mycelium/Mycelial Balls, Cartilage, Bone (solid)

500 mg

Zebrafish Organs, Insect Organs, Whole Microinsect Body (e.g., Drosophila)

20 units

Solid

Feces, Intestinal Contents, Lyophilized Fecal Powder

200 mg

Milk Powder, Microbial Fermentation Product (solid), Culture Medium (solid), Earwax, Lyophilized Tissue Powder,Feed, Egg Yolk, Lyophilized Plant Powder, Lyophilized Egg Powder

100 mg

Honey, Nasal Mucus, Sputum

100 mg

Sludge, Soil

600 mg

Cell

Adherent Cells, Animal Cell Lines

1*10^7 cells

E. Coli, Yeast Cells

1×10^10 cells

Small Amount of Fungal Mycelial Balls/Mycelium, Unicellular Algae (Cyanobacteria), Large Quantities of BacterialHyphae (sediment), Mucilaginous Protoplasmic Clusters (hyphae)

100 mg

Organelle

Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum

4×10^7 cells

Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles

2×10^9Particles

Special Sample

Skin Tape or Patch

2 pieces

Test Strips

2 pieces

Swab

1 piece

Sample Type

Sample

Recommended Sample Amount

Biological Replicate

Liquid

Plasma, Serum, Hemolymph, Whole Blood, Milk, Egg White

100 μL

Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3

100 μL

Seminal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid, Prostatic Fluid, Rumen Fluid, Respiratory Condensate, Gastric Lavage Fluid, Broncho-alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), Urine, Sweat, Saliva, Sputum

500 μL

Tissue

Animal Tissues, Placenta, Blood Clot, Mycelium, Nematode, Zebrafish (whole fish), Bone Marrow (solid), Nail

100 mg

Whole Insect Body, Wings (of insects), Pupa, Eggs, Large Fungi (mushroom types), Large Algae (red algae), Large Amount of Mycelium/Mycelial Balls, Cartilage, Bone (solid)

500 mg

Zebrafish Organs, Insect Organs, Whole Microinsect Body (e.g., Drosophila)

20 units

Solid

Feces, Intestinal Contents, Lyophilized Fecal Powder

200 mg

Milk Powder, Microbial Fermentation Product (solid), Culture Medium (solid), Earwax, Lyophilized Tissue Powder,Feed, Egg Yolk, Lyophilized Plant Powder, Lyophilized Egg Powder

100 mg

Honey, Nasal Mucus, Sputum

100 mg

Sludge, Soil

600 mg

Cell

Adherent Cells, Animal Cell Lines

1*10^7 cells

E. Coli, Yeast Cells

1×10^10 cells

Small Amount of Fungal Mycelial Balls/Mycelium, Unicellular Algae (Cyanobacteria), Large Quantities of BacterialHyphae (sediment), Mucilaginous Protoplasmic Clusters (hyphae)

100 mg

Organelle

Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum

4×10^7 cells

Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles

2×10^9Particles

Special Sample

Skin Tape or Patch

2 pieces

Test Strips

2 pieces

Swab

1 piece

Sample Type

Sample

Recommended Sample Amount

Biological Replicate

Liquid

Plasma, Serum, Hemolymph, Whole Blood, Milk, Egg White

100 μL

Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3

100 μL

Seminal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid, Prostatic Fluid, Rumen Fluid, Respiratory Condensate, Gastric Lavage Fluid, Broncho-alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), Urine, Sweat, Saliva, Sputum

500 μL

Tissue

Animal Tissues, Placenta, Blood Clot, Mycelium, Nematode, Zebrafish (whole fish), Bone Marrow (solid), Nail

100 mg

Whole Insect Body, Wings (of insects), Pupa, Eggs, Large Fungi (mushroom types), Large Algae (red algae), Large Amount of Mycelium/Mycelial Balls, Cartilage, Bone (solid)

500 mg

Zebrafish Organs, Insect Organs, Whole Microinsect Body (e.g., Drosophila)

20 units

Solid

Feces, Intestinal Contents, Lyophilized Fecal Powder

200 mg

Milk Powder, Microbial Fermentation Product (solid), Culture Medium (solid), Earwax, Lyophilized Tissue Powder,Feed, Egg Yolk, Lyophilized Plant Powder, Lyophilized Egg Powder

100 mg

Honey, Nasal Mucus, Sputum

100 mg

Sludge, Soil

600 mg

Cell

Adherent Cells, Animal Cell Lines

1*10^7 cells

E. Coli, Yeast Cells

1×10^10 cells

Small Amount of Fungal Mycelial Balls/Mycelium, Unicellular Algae (Cyanobacteria), Large Quantities of BacterialHyphae (sediment), Mucilaginous Protoplasmic Clusters (hyphae)

100 mg

Organelle

Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum

4×10^7 cells

Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles

2×10^9Particles

Special Sample

Skin Tape or Patch

2 pieces

Test Strips

2 pieces

Swab

1 piece

Sample Type

Sample

Recommended Sample Amount

Biological Replicate

Tissue

Root, Stem, Leaf, Fruit, Flower, Bud, Node, Callus

600 mg

Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3

Fruit Peel, Seed Coat

600 mg

Anther, Filament, Pollen, Style, Stigma, Embryo

1.2 g

Liquid

Root Exudate

10 ml

Juice, Wine, Fermentation Broth

5 ml

Oils, Essential Oils, Honey, Nectar, Paste

500 μl

Herb Extract, Herb Decoction, Plant Tissue Fluid

500 μl

Cell

Cultured Plant Cell

1×10^7 cells

Algae

300 mg

Solid

Lyophilized Plant Powder

200 mg

Sludge, Soil

600 mg

Sample Type

Sample

Recommended Sample Amount

Biological Replicate

Tissue

Root, Stem, Leaf, Fruit, Flower, Bud, Node, Callus

600 mg

Human≥30, Animal≥8, Plant≥3

Fruit Peel, Seed Coat

600 mg

Anther, Filament, Pollen, Style, Stigma, Embryo

1.2 g

Liquid

Root Exudate

10 ml

Juice, Wine, Fermentation Broth

5 ml

Oils, Essential Oils, Honey, Nectar, Paste

500 μl

Herb Extract, Herb Decoction, Plant Tissue Fluid

500 μl

Cell

Cultured Plant Cell

1×10^7 cells

Algae

300 mg

Solid

Lyophilized Plant Powder

200 mg

Sludge, Soil

600 mg